Question 31: Consider the following statements:

1. Through the 97th constitutional amendment, Part IXA (The Co-Operative Societies) was inserted into the Constitution.
2. Cooperatives are a state subject under the Constitution.
3. The right to form cooperative societies is the part of Right to Freedom under article 19.

Which of the following statements is/are true?

A) 1 and 2

B) 2 and 3

C) 1 and 3

D) 1, 2, and 3

Correct Answer: B

Explanation

• Cooperatives are a state subject under the Constitution.
• Through the 97th constitutional amendment, Part IXB (The Co-Operative Societies) was inserted into the Constitution.
• The right to form cooperative societies was included as Right to Freedom under article 19 (1), Part-3 of the Constitution.
• In addition to this, Article 43-B (Promotion of Cooperation societies) was also inserted as one of the Directive Principles of State Policy under Part 4 of the Constitution of India.

Question 32: Consider the following statements:

1. Afghanistan the only country in the world where girls and women are denied access to education.
2. No country has granted recognition to the Taliban.

Which of the following statements is/are true?

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) 1 and 2 only

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: C

Explanation

• The blanket ban on education for girls and women and other decisions effectively banishing women from public life in Afghanistan, and the return of public executions and floggings as punishments in keeping with Sharia law, has belied hopes that this Taliban regime would be somehow different from the one of 1996-2001.
• The ban makes Afghanistan the only country in the world where girls and women are denied access to education.
• Some 15 countries, including India, China, Russia, Pakistan, the US (through Qatar), and Afghanistan’s Central Asian Neighbours have been engaging with the Taliban through differing levels of diplomatic presence in Kabul. But no country has granted recognition to the Taliban, making that conditional on the Kabul regime meeting preconditions that include giving girls and women equal access to education, and forming an inclusive and representative government.

Question 33: The ‘India Out’ campaign started sometime in 2020 as on-ground protests in:

A) Maldives

B) China

C) Myanmar

D) Afghanistan

Correct Answer: A

Explanation

• The ‘India Out’ campaign started sometime in 2020 as on-ground protests in the Maldives and later spread widely across social media platforms using the phrase with a related hashtag.
• During an interview with indianexpress.com in July last year, Shifxan Ahmed, co- founder of Maldivian news outlet Dhiyares, who has been active in the campaign, had told indianexpress.com: “We are just protesting military presence in the We are not calling for a violent clash against India or Indians in Maldives.”

Question 34: Consider the following statements:

1. As per the concept of Demographic gravitation, a large number of people, in a city for example, actually behave as an attractive force for other people to migrate there.
2. As per the law of retail gravitation customers are willing to travel longer distances to larger retail centres given the higher attraction they present to customers.

Which of the following statements is/are true?

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) 1 and 2 only

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: C

Explanation

• Demographic gravitation is a concept of “social physics”, introduced by Princeton University astrophysicist John Quincy Stewart in 1947. It is an attempt to use equations and notions of classical physics – such as gravity – to seek simplified insights and even laws of demographic behaviour for large numbers of human A basic conception within it is that large numbers of people, in a city for example, actually behave as an attractive force for other people to migrate there.
• In economics, Reilly’s law of retail gravitation is a heuristic developed by William J. Reilly in 1931. According to Reilly’s “law,” customers are willing to travel longer distances to larger retail centers given the higher attraction they present to customers. In Reilly’s formulation, the attractiveness of the retail center becomes the analogy for size (mass) in the physical law of gravity.