Question 29: Consider the following statements:

1. The Eleventh Five-Year Plan document included, for the first time, a detailed chapter on Disaster Management.
2. The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) has implemented a Scheme of Aapda Mitra on a pilot basis to train community volunteers.

Which of the following statements is/are true?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. 1 and 2 only
4. Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: B

Explanation

• The tenth Five-Year Plan document also had, for the first time, a detailed chapter on Disaster Management.
• The Twelfth Finance Commission was also mandated to review the financial arrangements for Disaster Management.
• The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) has implemented a Scheme of Aapda Mitra on a pilot basis to train 6000 community volunteers (200 per district) in 30 flood-prone districts of 25 States/UTs
• Based on the success of the pilot scheme, and request from the States/UTs, Government of India has approved the Up-Scaling of Aapda Mitra Scheme, covering 350 districts prone to flood, landslide, cyclone and earthquake to train 1,00,000 community volunteers in disaster response.

Question 30: Consider the following statements:

1. The 123 Agreement signed between the United States of America and India, under which India agreed to separate its civil and military nuclear facilities and to place all its civil nuclear facilities under International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards.
2. The Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement largely pertains to geospatial intelligence and sharing information on maps and satellite images for defense.
3. Reciprocal Exchange of Logistics Agreement (RELOS) gives India access to Russian facilities in the Arctic region.

Which of the following statements is/are true?

1. 1 and 2
2. 2 and 3
3. 1 and 3
4. 1,2 and 3

Correct Answer: D

Explanation

• The 123 Agreement signed between the United States of America and the Republic of India is known as the U.S.–India Civil Nuclear Agreement or Indo-US nuclear deal.
• The framework for this agreement was a July 18, 2005, joint statement by then Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and then US President George W. Bush, under which India agreed to separate its civil and military nuclear facilities and to place all its civil nuclear facilities under International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards and, in exchange, the United States agreed to work toward full civil nuclear cooperation with India. 
• The Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement largely pertains to geospatial intelligence and sharing information on maps and satellite images for defense.
• Reciprocal Exchange of Logistics Agreement (RELOS): RELOS gives India access to Russian facilities in the Arctic region which is seeing increased global activity as new shipping routes open up and India’s own investments in the Russian Far East.

Question 31: Consider the following statements:

1. Each nucleotide is made of a 5-carbon ribose sugar, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate molecule.
2. In eukaryotes, the DNA is packaged into large chromosomes.

Which of the following statements is/are true?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. 1 and 2 only
4. Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: C

Explanation

• DNA is one of the two major types of nucleic acids that exist in nature (the other is RNA).
• Nucleic acids are made of subunits called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is made of a 5-carbon ribose sugar, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate molecule.
• In eukaryotes, the DNA is packaged into large and for humans, most cells contain two sets of 23 chromosomes, for 46 chromosomes, total. Two of those chromosomes – the X and Y chromosome – are called sex chromosomes. They determine your sex and also code for specific traits, called sex-linked traits.

Question 32: Consider the following statements:

1. Introns are the coding regions that make up genes. These get transcribed and translated to create proteins, which allow our cells to function.
2. Exons are non-coding regions, and they don’t create proteins.

Which of the following statements is/are true?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. 1 and 2 only
4. Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: D

Explanation

• The genetic code is separated into two basic categories. One category is exons, which are the coding regions that make up genes. These get transcribed and translated to create proteins, which allow your cells to function.
• The other category of genetic code is introns, which are non-coding Because they’re non-coding, they don’t create proteins. However, introns play an important role in your DNA function.
• The central dogma of molecular biology explains that the information flow for genes is from the DNA genetic code to an intermediate RNA copy and then to the proteins synthesized from the code.