Question 1: Consider the following statements with respect to Global Shield against Climate Risks:

1. It is pre-arranged financial support that established for the needs of poor and vulnerable countries facing increasing risks of losses and damages from climate change.
2. It is launched by G7 and Vulnerably Twenties (V20).
3. V20 was established in 2017 at COP23 of the UNFCCC.

Which of the following statements is/are true?

1. 1 and 2
2. 2 and 3
3. 1 and 3
4. 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: A

Explanation

Global Shield against Climate Risks:

• It is pre-arranged financial support that established for the needs of poor and vulnerable countries facing increasing risks of losses and damages from climate change.
• It will be supported by the World Bank under Global Shield Financing Facility.
• Launched by: G7 and Vulnerably Twenties (V20) at COP27.
• V20 is a dedicated cooperation initiative of economies systemically vulnerable to climate change.
• It was established in 2015 at Lima, Peru.
• The call to create the V20 originated from the Climate Vulnerable Forum’s Costa Rica Action Plan (2013-2015) in a major effort to strengthen economic and financial responses to climate It foresaw a high-level policy dialogue pertaining to action on climate change and the promotion of climate resilient and low emission development with full competence for addressing economic and financial issues beyond the remit of any one organization.

Question 2: Consider the following statements:

1. Green Climate Fund Set up in 2010 to help developing countries limit greenhouse gas emissions and climate adaptation.
2. Global Environment Facility (GEF) established at 1992 Rio Earth Summit.
3. Special Climate Change Fund established in 2001, is managed by Global environmental facility.

Which of the following statements is/are true?

1. 1 and 2
2. 2 and 3
3. 1 and 3
4. 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: D

Explanation

• Green Climate Fund Set up in 2010 to help developing countries limit greenhouse gas emissions and climate adaptation.
• Global Environment Facility (GEF) Established at 1992 Rio Earth Summit in order to help to developing countries and countries with economies in transition to meet the objectives of environmental conventions and agreements. It is managed by the World Bank.
• Special Climate Change Fund Established 2001: To finance projects in all developing country relating to: adaptation; technology transfer and capacity building etc. it is managed by GEF 

Question 3: Consider the following statements:

1. Adaptation Fund is established in 2001 To finance concrete adaptation projects and program in developing countries Parties to the Montreal Protocol.
2. The Global Environment Facility (GEF) has been entrusted to operate the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF).
3. The Glasgow Pact marked the first time a U.N. climate agreement mentioned the goal of reducing fossil fuel use.
4. The principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” (CBDR), was enshrined in the Kyoto accord.

Which of the following statements is/are true?

1. 1, 2 and 3
2. 2, 3 and 4
3. 1, 3 and 4
4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Correct Answer: B

Explanation

• Adaptation Fund Established in 2001 To finance concrete adaptation projects and program in developing countries Parties to the Kyoto Protocol.
• The Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) was established to support a work program to assist Least Developed Country Parties (LDCs) carry out, inter alia, the preparation and implementation of national adaptation program of action (NAPAs).
• The Global Environment Facility (GEF), as an operating entity of the Financial Mechanism of the Convention, has been entrusted to operate this Fund.
• At the 2021 U.N. climate summit in Glasgow, Scotland, the Glasgow Pact marked the first time a N. climate agreement mentioned the goal of reducing fossil fuel use. The pact marked a breakthrough in efforts to resolve rules guiding the international trade of carbon markets to offset emissions.
• The principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” (CBDR), was enshrined in the Kyoto accord. It says that developed countries, which produced more emissions in the past as they built their economies, should take the lead in fighting climate change.

Question 4: Consider the following statements:

1. Diesel as a fuel contains a little more carbon per liter than petrol.
2. Diesel engines use a smaller amount of fuel to produce the same level of performance as a petrol engine.

Which of the following statements is/are true?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. 1 and 2 only
4. Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: C

Explanation

• While diesel as a fuel contains a little more carbon per liter than petrol, diesel engines are more “lean-burn”, which means they use a smaller amount of fuel to produce the same level of performance as a petrol engine.

Question 5: Consider the following statements:

1. Nitric oxide is a greenhouse gas.
2. In a petrol engine, a three-way catalytic converter reduces the emission of nitric oxide, ensuring that the NOx emissions are about 30 per cent lower than they would be in a diesel engine on average.

Which of the following statements is/are true?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. 1 and 2 only
4. Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: B

Explanation

The problem with diesel engines:

• The issue is not with CO2 emissions specifically. It is with some other toxic emissions that are harmful to human beings, as well as emission of soot. This is where diesel is worse off than petrol.
• When air is heated in an automobile engine, nitrogen oxides (NOx) are produced — these include nitrogen dioxide (NO2) which is toxic; nitrous oxide (N2O), which is a greenhouse gas; and nitric oxide (NO), which reacts with oxygen to form the harmful Nitric oxide on its own also increases the risk of respiratory problems in the long run.
• In a petrol engine, a three-way catalytic converter reduces these emissions, ensuring that the NOx emissions are about 30 per cent lower than they would be in a diesel engine on average.