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Daily MCQ UPSC Current Affairs

Daily MCQs for UPSC Current Affairs | 4TH JANUARY 2023

/ EDEN Daily MCQ UPSC Current Affairs January 2023, EDEN Daily Prelims

Question 1: Consider the following statements:

  1. In 2016, Russia designated India as ‘Major Defence Partner’.
  2. India was accorded ‘Strategic Trade Authorization Tier 1 status’ by Russia in 2018 for high-technology product sales particularly in civil space and defence sectors.

Which of the following statements is/are true?

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) 1 and 2 only

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: D

Explanation

India- US Defence Cooperation:

  • In 2016, US designated India as ‘Major Defence Partner,’ (status unique to India).
  • India was accorded ‘Strategic Trade Authorization Tier 1 status’ in 2018 for high- technology product sales particularly in civil space and defence sectors.
  • India-US Defence Agreements General Security of Military Information Agreement (GSOMIA), 2002 on military information
  • Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement (COMCASA), 2018 for interoperability between two militaries and sale of high-end technology to India.
  • Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement (BECA), 2020 to share high-end military technology, logistics and geospatial maps.

Question 2: Consider the following statements:

  1. The OECD is an intergovernmental economic organization with 38 members countries.
  2. The Organization of Economic Corporation and Development (OECD) has announced that a global deal to ensure big companies pay a Global Minimum Tax (GMT) rate of 15%.

Which of the following statements is/are true?

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) 1 and 2 only

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: C

Explanation

  • The Organization of Economic Corporation and Development (OECD) has announced that a global deal to ensure big companies pay a Global Minimum Tax (GMT) rate of 15% has been agreed by 136 countries (including India).
  • The countries behind the accord together accounted for over 90% of the global G20 leaders endorsed the global minimum corporate tax deal for the 2023 start.
  • The OECD is an intergovernmental economic organization with 38 member countries, founded to stimulate economic progress and world trade. It was founded in 1961. It is headquartered in Paris, France.
  • Proposed Two Pillar Solution: The global minimum tax rate would apply to overseas profits of multinational firms with $868 million in sales

PILLAR 1 (MINIMUM TAX AND SUBJECT TO TAX RULES):

  • Governments could still set whatever local corporate tax rate they want, but if companies pay lower rates in a particular country, their home governments could “top up” their taxes to the 15% minimum, eliminating the advantage of shifting profits.

PILLAR 2 (REALLOCATION OF AN ADDITIONAL SHARE OF PROFIT TO THE MARKET JURISDICTIONS):

  • Allows countries where revenues are earned to tax 25% of the largest multinationals’ so-called excess profit – defined as profit over 10% of revenue.
  • The agreement calls for countries to bring it into law in 2022 so that it can take effect by 2023.
  • The countries that have created national digital services taxes (like equalization levy Indian government) will have to repeal 

Question 3: Consider the following statements:

  1. The international Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Mission is a collaborative effort between NASA and French space agency.
  2. It is first satellite mission that will measure height of water in freshwater bodies and ocean on more than 90% of Earth’s surface.
  3. It will cover the entire Earth’s surface between 78 degrees south and 78 degrees north latitude at least once every 21 days.

Which of the following statements is/are true?

A) 1 and 2

B) 2 and 3

C) 1 and 3

D) 1, 2, and 3

Correct Answer: D

Explanation

  • The international Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Mission is a collaborative effort between NASA and French space agency with contributions from Canadian and UK Space Agencies.
  • SWOT is first satellite mission that will measure height of water in freshwater bodies and ocean on more than 90% of Earth’s surface.
  • SWOT will cover the entire Earth’s surface between 78 degrees south and 78 degrees north latitude at least once every 21 days.

Question 4: Consider the following statements:

  1. The Child Welfare Committee (CWC) is an autonomous body, declared as the competent authority to deal with children in need of care and protection.
  2. It is mandatory to form a Child Welfare Committee in every district under the Juvenile justice Act.
  3. The Juvenile Justice Boards are empowered to take decisions regarding the welfare of children in conflict with law.
  4. The Ministry of Women and Child Development is administering the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015.

Which of the following statements is/are true?

A) 1, 2 and 3

B) 2, 3 and 4

C) 1, 2 and 4

D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Correct Answer: D

Explanation

  • The Child Welfare Committee (CWC) is an autonomous body, declared as the competent authority to deal with children in need of care and protection (CNCP).
  • It is mandatory to form a CWC in every district under section 27 (1) of the JJ Act.
  • The JJ Act mandates that all the State Governments shall constitute at least one CWC for every district for exercising the powers and to discharge the duties conferred on such Committees in relation to children in need of care and protection under this Act.
  • Under the JJ Act, 2015 (Sections 27-30), the Child Welfare Committees have been empowered to take decisions with regard to the children in need of care and protection, keeping their best interest in mind.
  • They are also mandated to monitor the functioning of the Child Care Institutions (CCIs). Similarly, the Juvenile Justice Boards are empowered to take decisions regarding the welfare of children in conflict with law (Sections 04-09).
  • At the national and state level, the JJ Act, 2015 provides the National/State Commissions for Protection of Child Rights to monitor the implementation of the Act (Section 109).
  • The Ministry of Women and Child Development is administering the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 (JJ Act, 2015) which is the primary legislation for ensuring safety, security, dignity and well-being of children.

Question 5: Which of the following are classified as Mammals:

  1. Echidna
  2. Macropods
  3. Platypus

Which of the following statements is/are true?

A) 1 and 2

B) 2 and 3

C) 1 and 3

D) 1, 2, and 3

Correct Answer: D

Explanation

    • Modern mammals consist of three subgroups Montremes:
    • Primitive mammals that lay large eggs and have a common opening for urogenital and digestive Include platypus and echidna of Australia.
    • Marsupials: Mammals whose young are born incompletely developed. They develop inside a pouch on mother’s belly. Mostly found in Australia and New Guinea, e.g.- tree kangaroo, macropods etc.
    • Placentals: They carry foetus until a late stage of development. Comprise majority of mammals including humans.