Question 6: Consider the following statements:

1. Doxing is publishing and analyzing others’ personal information on the internet with a malicious intent.
2. It can result in emotional distress.

Which of the following statements is/are true?

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) 1 and 2 only

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: C

Explanation

-What is Doxxing?

• Doxing is publishing and analyzing others’ personal information on the internet with a malicious intent that can reveal the person’s real identity making them victims of harassment and cyber-attacks.

Need for strict regulation

• It is used to shame or punish people who would rather stay anonymous. Publishing private or identifying information of an individual like their residential address and images on Meta’s platforms with malicious intent can lead to harassment or stalking.
• It can result in emotional distress, loss of employment and even physical harm or death of a person.

Question 7: Consider the following statements:

1. Kanheri caves are situated in Sanjay Gandhi National Park.
2. Great Chaitya, India’s largest rock-cut chaitya is located in Nasik.
3. Varaha, or Vishnu’s Boar incarnation, a renowned sculpture, located at Kanheri caves.
4. “Pandav Leni” refers to a series of 24 Buddhist caves in Nasik.

Which of the following statements is/are true?

A) 1 and 2

B) 2 and 3

C) 1 and 4

D) 3 and 4

Correct Answer: C

Explanation

Kanheri caves:

• Kanheri caves are situated in Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Mumbai.
• They represent some of earliest evidence of Buddhism in India. Created by Buddhist monks between 2nd and 9th centuries AD. They consist of collection of rock cut monuments, prayer halls and buildings.

Karle Caves

• The Karle caves were built around the beginning of the Christian era, and their pattern is similar to that of the Bhaja caves, although they are larger and more spectacular.
• The Chaitya at Karle is carved 124 feet deep into the rock and is located two miles north of the Bombay-Poona highway.
• Great Chaitya is the most well-known cave (Cave no. 8). It is India’s largest rock-cut chaitya.

Udayagiri caves

• Caves of Udayagiri (not to be confused with Odisha’s Udayagiri-Khandagiri Caves) It’s in Madhya Pradesh’s Vidisha district.
• It was built under the patronage of Chandragupta II in the early fifth century AD and is known for its numerous sculptures on the hill walls.
• Varaha, or Vishnu’s Boar incarnation, is a renowned sculpture.

Nasik Caves

• “Pandav Leni” refers to a series of 24 Buddhist caves in Nasik. They were created in the first century A.D. during the Hinayana period.

Junagadh Caves

• These are Buddhist caves located in Gujarat’s Junagadh region. Although there are no caves here, three separate places can be located.
• Khapra Kodiya, Baba Pyare, and Uparkot are the three sites found.
• The presence of a 30-50 ft high fortress known as “Upar Kot” in front of the prayer hall is a distinctive feature of the Junagadh caves.

Question 8: Consider the following statements:

1. Restoration Barometer Report released by International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
2. The Restoration Barometer tracks restoration progress across terrestrial ecosystems including coastal and inland waters where use or management rights can be identified.

Which of the following statements is/are true?

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) 1 and 2 only

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: C

Explanation

• The Restoration Barometer (launched in 2016 as the Bonn Challenge Barometer) is the only tool already used by governments to track the progress of restoration targets across all terrestrial ecosystems including coastal and inland waters. It was designed for countries that have committed to restore landscapes under international goals or agreements.
• 2022 Restoration Barometer Report released by International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
• The Barometer provides an opportunity for national and sub-national governments to simplify and streamline reporting on their restoration commitments and can help track and record progress towards global These include:

1. The Bonn Challenge
2. The 30×30 target under the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework
3. The Paris Agreement
4. The Land Degradation Neutrality Target
5. 1 trillion Trees

• The Barometer tracks restoration progress across terrestrial ecosystems including coastal and inland waters where use or management rights can be identified (i.e., not high seas).

Question 9: Consider the following statements:

1. The rocket engine carries its own supply of oxygen for combustion while a jet engine utilizes oxygen from the atmosphere.
2. The rocket engine less energy efficient when compared to Jet engines.

Which of the following statements is/are true?

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) 1 and 2 only

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: C

Explanation

• The main difference is that a rocket carries its own supply of oxygen (Oxidizer Tank) for combustion while a jet engine utilizes oxygen from the atmosphere for combustion.
• This makes rocket engine less energy efficient when compared to Jet engines. Air- breathing engines use oxygen from the atmosphere in the combustion of fuel. They include the turbojet, turboprop, ramjet, and pulsejet.

Question 10: Consider the following statements:

1. White-cheeked Dancing Frog is found only in the Western Ghats of Karnataka.
2. White-cheeked Dancing Frog is endangered as per the IUCN Red List.

Which of the following statements is/are true?

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) 1 and 2 only

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: C

Explanation

• White-cheeked Dancing Frog, Andaman Smoothhound shark and Yellow Himalayan Fritillary are among 29 new species assessed in India that are under threat, as per the IUCN Red List unveiled during the COP15 biodiversity conference in Montreal (Canada)

White-Cheeked Dancing Frog

• Status: Endangered
• It is Found only in the Western Ghats of Karnataka (endemic)

Andaman Smooth hound Shark

• Status: Vulnerable
• Only found in the Andaman Sea (Endemic to India)
• Threat: Fishing pressure

Yellow Himalayan Fritillary plant

• Status – Vulnerable
• It is a large group of mostly-spring flowering plants in the lily family and occurs mostly in the Himalayas. It occurs in Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal and Pakistan.
• Threats – It is harvested and traded in disguise with a new trade name ‘Jangli lehsun’

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