Question 21: Xel Ha, Carthage and Hepu are:

1. Ancient potteries
2. Ancient paintings
3. Ancient port-towns
4. None

Correct Answer: C

Explanation

• Lothal Its heritage value is comparable to other ancient port-towns around the world – including Xel Ha (Peru), Ostia (Port of Rome) and Carthage (Port of Tunis) in Italy, Hepu in China, Canopus in Egypt, Gabel (Byblos of the Phoenicians), Jaffa in Israel, Ur in Mesopotamia, Hoi An in Vietnam.

Question 22: Consider the following statements:

1. The Global Chemicals Outlook is published by UNEP.
2. UNEP has been instrumental in creating Green Growth Knowledge Platform.

Which of the following statements is/are true?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. 1 and 2 only
4. Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: C

Explanation

• UNEP’s scientific publications such as the flagship Global Environment Outlook, the Global Chemicals Outlook and the Emissions Gap Report provide detailed analysis and key findings that support enhanced environmental policymaking and governance.
• With a dedicated team of scientists and experts, UNEP is the only Member State-led organization that has both the mandate and the capacity to assess the world’s environmental resources.
• The science and its implications for policymakers is discussed and negotiated through convening platforms, such as the UN Environment Assembly – the universal parliament for the environment hosted by UNEP.
• Further, the World Environment Situation Room is a dynamic knowledge platform designed to collect, process and share satellite data and the world’s best environmental science and research. The platform includes critical tools to review progress towards the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.
• UNEP has also been instrumental in creating several science-policy platforms that bring together scientists, governments, industrial and international organizations, and civil society, such as:
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), International Resource Panel (IRP), Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC), Green Growth Knowledge Platform, Environment Live Platform.

Question 23: Consider the following statements:

1. Ecuador is the first country in the world to recognize the rights of nature.
2. Ecuador became the first country to grant legal rights to individual wild animals.
3. The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 recognizes animals as individual living entities.

Which of the following statements is/are true?

1. 1 and 2
2. 2 and 3
3. 1 and 3
4. 1, 2, and 3

Correct Answer: A

Explanation

• • Ecuador: The first country in the world to recognize the rights of nature.
  • The South American country of Ecuador, in 2008, approved a constitution that grants tropical forests, islands, rivers and air, legal rights to “exist, flourish and evolve”. More recently, in April 2022 Ecuador became the first country to grant legal rights to individual wild animals.
  • Article 51-A (g) of the Constitution of India lays down that it is the fundamental duty of every citizen to protect wildlife and have compassion for all living creatures. However, such duties are not enforceable by law.
  • The Uttarakhand High Court, on March 20, 2017, granted the river Ganga and its longest tributary Yamuna the legal right to be protected and not be harmed.
  • While other legal acts such as the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 and the Cruelty to Animals Act of 1960 exist, they do not recognize animals as individual living entities.

Question 24: Consider the following statements with respect to Inform EA:

1. Inform EA is the United Nations Information Portal on Multilateral Environmental Agreements.
2. The initiative behind Inform EA is co-chaired by UNEP and CITES.
3. Inform EA is facilitated by UNEP and financially supported by the European Union.

Which of the following statements is/are true?

1. 1 and 2
2. 2 and 3
3. 1 and 3
4. 1, 2, and 3

Correct Answer: D

Explanation

• • Inform EA is the United Nations Information Portal on Multilateral Environmental It is a one-stop portal for information on Multilateral Environmental Agreements – or MEAs – searchable by key terms across treaty texts, COP decisions, national plans and reports, laws, court decisions and more.
  • The initiative behind Inform EA is co-chaired by UNEP and CITES and brings together 22 MEA Secretariats hosted by 5 UN organizations and IUCN, in addition to observers and partners, to develop harmonized and interoperable information systems for the benefit of parties and the environment community at large. Inform EA is facilitated by UNEP and financially supported by the European Union.

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