<p align=”center” style=”text-align:center; margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:20.0pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>CODES of ETHICS and CODES of CONDUCT</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p style=”margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”background:#0070c0″><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:14.0pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”><span style=”color:white”>Difference between codes of ethics and codes of conduct</span></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>A Code of Ethics governs decision-making, and a Code of Conduct governs actions.</span></span></span></b><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”> The primary difference between code of ethics and code of conduct is that <b>code of ethics is a set of principles which influence the judgement</b> while the <b>code of conduct is a set of guidelines that influence actions</b>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>Code of Ethics is an aspirational document, containing core ethical values, principles and ideals of any institution, organization or community</span></span></span></b><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>. <b>Codes of Conduct is a directional document containing specific practices and behavior that are followed or restricted under the institution, organization or community</b>. Code of Conduct originates from the code of ethics</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p align=”center” style=”margin-bottom:16px; text-align:center”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:normal”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”><span style=”color:white”>Basis for Comparison</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align=”center” style=”margin-bottom:16px; text-align:center”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:normal”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”><span style=”color:white”>Codes of Ethics</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align=”center” style=”margin-bottom:16px; text-align:center”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:normal”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”><span style=”color:white”>Codes of Conduct</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align=”center” style=”margin-bottom:16px; text-align:center”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:normal”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>Nature</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align=”center” style=”margin-bottom:16px; text-align:center”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:normal”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>General</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align=”center” style=”margin-bottom:16px; text-align:center”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:normal”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>Specific</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align=”center” style=”margin-bottom:16px; text-align:center”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:normal”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>Scope</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align=”center” style=”margin-bottom:16px; text-align:center”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:normal”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>Wide</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align=”center” style=”margin-bottom:16px; text-align:center”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:normal”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>Narrow</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align=”center” style=”margin-bottom:16px; text-align:center”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:normal”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>Governs</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align=”center” style=”margin-bottom:16px; text-align:center”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:normal”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>Decision making</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align=”center” style=”margin-bottom:16px; text-align:center”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:normal”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>Actions</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align=”center” style=”margin-bottom:16px; text-align:center”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:normal”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>Disclosure</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align=”center” style=”margin-bottom:16px; text-align:center”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:normal”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>Publicly disclosed.</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align=”center” style=”margin-bottom:16px; text-align:center”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:normal”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>Only for Employees or insiders</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align=”center” style=”margin-bottom:16px; text-align:center”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:normal”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>Primary focus is on</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align=”center” style=”margin-bottom:16px; text-align:center”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:normal”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>Values or principles</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p align=”center” style=”margin-bottom:16px; text-align:center”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:normal”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>Compliance and rules</span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<p style=”margin-bottom:13px”> </p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”background:#0070c0″><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:14.0pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”><span style=”color:white”>UN Convention against Corruption- Codes of conduct for officials</span></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></p>
<ul style=”list-style-type:square”>
<li style=”margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>Each party shall promote integrity, honesty and responsibility among its public officials, in accordance with the fundamental principles of its legal system</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style=”margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>Each party shall endeavour to apply, within its own institutional and legal systems, codes of conduct for the correct, honourable and proper performance of public functions</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style=”margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>Each party shall also consider establishing measures and systems to facilitate the reporting by public officials of acts of corruption to appropriate authorities, when such acts come to their notice in the performance of their functions</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style=”margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>Each party shall also consider establishing measures and systems to facilitate the reporting by public officials to make declarations to appropriate authorities regarding their outside activities, employment, investments, assets and substantial gifts or benefits from which a conflict of interest may result with respect to their functions as public officials</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style=”margin-bottom:13px; margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>Each state-party shall consider taking disciplinary or other measures against public officials who violate the codes established in accordance with this article.</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
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<p style=”margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>For the purposes of implementing the provisions of this article each state-party shall take note of the relevant initiatives of regional, inter-regional and multi-lateral organisations such as the international code of conduct for public officials contained in the annex to General assembly resolution, 1996.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”background:#0070c0″><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:14.0pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”><span style=”color:white”>Civil Services (Conduct) Rules 1964</span></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>Indian Civil Services is governed by the <b>Central Civil Services (conduct) rules, 1964</b>. These rules were amended in 2014. <b>This code requires the bureaucrats to be politically neutral, honest, impartial and maintain high ethical standards</b>. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>The amended rules state that every member of the<b> All India Services </b>shall be<b> courteous and responsive to the public, particularly the weaker sections, and ensure accountability and transparency </b>in the discharge of his duties<b>.</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>The broad highlights of the rules are</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<li style=”margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>Every member of the service shall take decisions solely based on merit and in public interest and use public resources efficiently, effectively and economically</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style=”margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>A bureaucrat shall not misuse his position to take decisions that seek to derive financial or material benefit for himself, his family or friends.</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style=”margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>Every member of the civil services shall make choices, take decisions and make recommendations on merit alone.</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style=”margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>Civil servants shall not place themselves under any financial or other obligations to any individual or organisation which may affect the performance of his duties or discharge of his functions</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style=”margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>Civil Servants will now be required to declare their private interests, if any, relating to their public duties and take steps to resolve any conflicts in a way that protects public interest over personal interest.</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style=”margin-bottom:13px; margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>Civil servants must maintain discipline in the discharge of their duties and be liable to implement lawful orders duly communicated to them.</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
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<p style=”margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>Civil servants are liable to maintain confidentiality in performance of their duties as required by the laws, particularly where the information or disclosure may prejudicially affect the security of the state, strategic, scientific or economic interests of the state, friendly relations with foreign countries or lead to incitement of an offence or illegal or unlawful gains to any person or organisation.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span lang=”EN-US” style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria",serif”>Other amendments require the Civil servants to perform their duties with a high degree of professionalism, uphold supremacy of the constitution, uphold sovereignty and integrity of India, the security pf the state, public order, decency and morality; maintain integrity in public service, act with fairness and impartiality and not discriminate against anyone particularly the poor, the weak and the vulnerable.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>