<p style=”margin-bottom: 13px; text-align: center;”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>SOURCE – INDIAN EXPRESS</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom: 13px; text-align: center;”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>GS PAPER 3</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p>
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<h1><span style=”font-size:24pt”><span style=”line-height:25.0pt”><span style=”vertical-align:baseline”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”><span style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”><strong>CONTEXT</strong> – <span style=”color:black”>Researchers find largest sample of giant radio galaxies in universe</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></h1>
<h1><span style=”font-size:24pt”><span style=”line-height:25.0pt”><span style=”vertical-align:baseline”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”><strong><span style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”><span style=”color:black”>ABOUT</span></span></span></strong><span style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”><span style=”color:black”><span style=”font-weight:normal”>-</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></h1>
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<li style=”margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:24pt”><span style=”line-height:25.0pt”><span style=”vertical-align:baseline”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”><span style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”><span style=”color:#3e3e3e”><span style=”font-weight:normal”> Large single structures in the universe, have found its largest sample to date.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style=”margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:24pt”><span style=”line-height:25.0pt”><span style=”vertical-align:baseline”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”><span style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”><span style=”color:#3e3e3e”><span style=”font-weight:normal”> The research work has recently been published in a journal, Astronomy & Astrophysics</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style=”margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:24pt”><span style=”line-height:25.0pt”><span style=”vertical-align:baseline”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”><span style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”><span style=”color:#3e3e3e”><span style=”font-weight:normal”>It is not clearly understood how some objects grow to such large scales and what is the fuel of their respective black holes,</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style=”margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:24pt”><span style=”line-height:25.0pt”><span style=”vertical-align:baseline”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”><span style=”font-size:16.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”><span style=”color:#3e3e3e”><strong>Radio galaxies</strong>.</span></span></span><span style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”><span style=”color:#3e3e3e”><span style=”font-weight:normal”> – The universe has billions of galaxies and almost all have super massive black holes at the centre. Some of these black holes are active and produce jets travelling almost at the speed of light. These jets are visible in radio light or at radio wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum. Such galaxies, which have active black holes shooting high-speed jets, are called radio galaxies</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style=”margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:24pt”><span style=”line-height:25.0pt”><span style=”vertical-align:baseline”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”><span style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”><span style=”color:#3e3e3e”><span style=”font-weight:normal”> A fraction of radio galaxies, under special conditions, grow to giant scales or mega-parsec scales (millions of light years across, where one light year ~ 9.46 x 1,015 metres ) and are called giant radio galaxies (GRGs).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style=”margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:24pt”><span style=”line-height:25.0pt”><span style=”vertical-align:baseline”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”><span style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”><span style=”color:#3e3e3e”><span style=”font-weight:normal”>The length of jets tells us how powerful and active the black hole is as well as about the environment density of these objects</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
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<h1 style=”margin-left:48px”><strong><span style=”font-size:24pt”><span style=”line-height:25.0pt”><span style=”vertical-align:baseline”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”><span style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”><span style=”color:#3e3e3e”><span style=”font-weight:normal”>CONCLUSION</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></strong></h1>
<h1 style=”margin-left:48px”><span style=”font-size:24pt”><span style=”line-height:25.0pt”><span style=”vertical-align:baseline”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”><span style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”><span style=”color:#3e3e3e”><span style=”font-weight:normal”>The study of GRGs gives important clues to unveiling the physics and phenomenology of the black hole accretion process or, in other words, how these massive black holes accrete mass and the efficiency with which they produce these magnificent jets</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></h1>
<p style=”margin-bottom:13px”> </p>