<p style=”margin-bottom: 8px; text-align: center;”><span style=”font-size:15pt”><span style=”line-height:107%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”color:#595959″><b>Source – PIB</b></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom: 8px; text-align: center;”><span style=”font-size:15pt”><span style=”line-height:107%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”color:#595959″><b>GS PAPER – 3</b></span></span></span></span></p>
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<h2 align=”center” style=”margin-top:20px; margin-bottom:10px; text-align:center”><span style=”font-size:15pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”line-height:107%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”color:#7f7f7f”><span style=”font-weight:bold”>CONTEXT – <span style=”font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"”><span style=”color:#525252″>Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre is providing Tsunami Services to 25 Indian Ocean Countries</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></h2>
<p style=”margin-bottom:8px”><span style=”font-size:15pt”><span style=”line-height:107%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”color:#595959″><b>About </b></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”><span lang=”EN-GB” style=”color:#525252″>The objectives of O-SMART (Ocean Services, Modelling, Applications, Resources and Technology) scheme of Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Govt. of India are</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”> </p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”><span lang=”EN-GB” style=”color:#525252″>(1) To generate and regularly update information on Marine Living Resources and their relationship with the physical environment in the Indian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ),</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”> </p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”><span lang=”EN-GB” style=”color:#525252″>(2) To periodically monitor levels of sea water pollutants for health assessment of coastal waters of India, to develop shoreline change maps for assessment of coastal erosion due to natural and anthropogenic activities,</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”> </span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”><span lang=”EN-GB” style=”color:#525252″>(3) To develop a wide range of state-of-the art ocean observation systems for acquisition of real-time data from the seas around India,</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”> </span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”><span lang=”EN-GB” style=”color:#525252″>(4) To generate and disseminate a suite of user-oriented ocean information, advisories, warnings, data and data products for the benefit of society,</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”> </span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”><span lang=”EN-GB” style=”color:#525252″>(5) To develop high resolution models for ocean forecast and reanalysis system,</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”> </span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”><span lang=”EN-GB” style=”color:#525252″>(6) To develop algorithms for validation of satellite data for coastal research and to monitor changes in the coastal research,</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”> </span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”><span lang=”EN-GB” style=”color:#525252″>(7) Acquisition of 2 Coastal Research Vessels (CRVs) as replacement of 2 old CRVs for coastal pollution monitoring, testing of various underwater components and technology demonstration,</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”> </span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”><span lang=”EN-GB” style=”color:#525252″>(8) To develop technologies to tap the marine bio resources,</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”> </span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”><span lang=”EN-GB” style=”color:#525252″>(9) To develop technologies generating freshwater and energy from ocean,</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”> </span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”><span lang=”EN-GB” style=”color:#525252″>(10) To develop underwater vehicles and technologies,</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”> </span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”><span lang=”EN-GB” style=”color:#525252″>(11) Establishment of Ballast water treatment facility,</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”> </span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”><span lang=”EN-GB” style=”color:#525252″>(12) To support operation and maintenance of 5 Research vessels for ocean survey/monitoring/technology demonstration programmes,</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”> </span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”><span lang=”EN-GB” style=”color:#525252″>(13) Establishment of state of the art sea front facility to cater to the testing and sea trial activities of ocean technology,</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”> </span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”><span lang=”EN-GB” style=”color:#525252″>(14) To carryout exploration of Polymetallic Nodules (MPN) from water depth of 5500 m in site of 75000 sq.km allotted to India by United Nations in Central Indian Ocean Basin, to carryout investigations of gas hydrates,</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”> </span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”><span lang=”EN-GB” style=”color:#525252″>(15) Exploration of polymetallic sulphides near Rodrigues Triple junction in 10000 sq. km of area allotted to India in International waters by International Seabed Authority/UN and,</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”> </span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:10px; margin-left:42px; text-align:justify”><span style=”font-size:12pt”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Times New Roman",serif”><span lang=”EN-GB” style=”color:#525252″>(16) Submission of India's claim over continental shelf extending beyond the Exclusive Economic Zone supported by scientific data, and Topographic survey ofEEZofIndia.</span></span></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style=”margin-bottom:8px; margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:15pt”><span style=”line-height:107%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”color:#595959″><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"”><span style=”color:#525252″>The Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre (ITEWC) was established at Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Hyderabad, an autonomous body under Ministry of Earth Sciences which continues to provide timely tsunami advisories to stake holders</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>