<ul>
<li style=”margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:150%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:150%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>The Bangabhasha Prakasika Sabha: was formed in 1836 by associates of Raja Rammohan Roy.</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style=”margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:150%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:150%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>The Zamindari Association, more popularly known as the ‘Landholders’ Society’, was founded to safeguard the interests of the landlords.</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style=”margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:150%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:150%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”> Although limited in its objectives, the <b>Landholders’ Society</b> marked the beginning of an organized political activity and use of methods of constitutional agitation for the redressal of grievances.</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style=”margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:150%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:150%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>The <b>Bengal British India Society</b> was founded in 1843 with the object of “the collection and dissemination of information relating to the actual condition of the people of British India… and to employ such other means of peaceful and lawful character as may appear calculated to secure the welfare, extend the just rights and advance the interests of all classes of our fellow subjects”.</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style=”margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:150%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:150%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>In 1851, both the Landholders’ Society and the Bengal British India Society merged into the British Indian Association.</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style=”margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:150%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:150%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>The East India Association</span></span></span></b><span style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:150%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”> was organised by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1866 in London to discuss the Indian question and influence public men in England to promote Indian welfare.</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style=”margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:150%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:150%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>Later, branches of the association were started in prominent Indian cities.</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style=”margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:150%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:150%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>The <b>Indian League</b> was started in 1875 by Sisir Kumar Ghosh with the object of “stimulating the sense of nationalism amongst the people” and of encouraging political education.</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style=”margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:150%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:150%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>The <b>Indian Association of Calcutta</b> (also known as the Indian National Association) superseded the Indian League and was founded in 1876 by younger nationalists of Bengal led by Surendranath Banerjea and Ananda Mohan Bose, who were getting discontented with the conservative and pro-landlord policies of the British Indian Association.</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style=”margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:150%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:150%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>The Poona Sarvajanik Sabha</span></span></span></b><span style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:150%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”> was founded in 1867 by Mahadeo Govind Ranade and others, with the object of serving as a bridge between the government and the people.</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style=”margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:150%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:150%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>The Bombay Presidency Association</span></span></span></b><span style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:150%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”> was started by Badruddin Tyabji, Pherozeshah Mehta and K.T. Telang in 1885.</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li style=”margin-bottom:13px; margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:150%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><span style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:150%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>The Madras Mahajan Sabh</span></span></span></b><span style=”font-size:12.0pt”><span style=”line-height:150%”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>a was founded in 1884 by M. Viraraghavachari, B. Subramaniya Aiyer and P. Anandacharlu.</span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>