<p style=”margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>A welfare state is a concept of government where the state plays a key role in the protection and promotion of the economic and social well-being of its citizens. It is based on three principles –</span></span></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style=”margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>Equality of opportunity</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style=”margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>Equitable distribution of wealth</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style=”margin-bottom:13px; margin-left:8px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>Public responsibility for those unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisions for a good life.</span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style=”margin-left:24px; margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><u><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>FEATURE OF WELFARE STATE</span></u></b></span></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li style=”margin-left:32px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>The welfare state provides education, housing, sustenance, healthcare, pensions, unemployment insurance, sick leave or time off due to injury, supplemental income in some cases, and equal wages through price and wage controls.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style=”margin-left:32px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”> It also provides for public transportation, childcare, social amenities such as public parks and libraries, as well as many other goods and services. </span></span></span></span></li>
<li style=”margin-left:32px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>In these Some items are paid for via government insurance programs while others are paid for by taxes.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li style=”margin-left:32px; margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”background:white”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”><span style=”color:black”>The idea of welfare states arises from the philosophy of compassion towards the weaker sections. </span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p style=”margin-left:48px; margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><b><u><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>Provisions in Indian constitution for weaker sections </span></u></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-left:48px; margin-bottom:13px”> </p>
<p style=”margin-left:48px; margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>Article 15 (3) allows the State to make unique enactment to secure Women and Children </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-left:48px; margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>Article 15(4) and Article 16(4) enable the state to make unique arrangement for the reservation of arrangement of posts for any Backward Class of residents of the State</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-left:48px; margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>Article 38 – It authorizes the state to secure a social order for the promotion of the welfare of people.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-left:48px; margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>Article 39A – Equal justice and free legal aid.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-left:48px; margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>Article 40 – Organization of village panchayats.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-left:48px; margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>Article 41 – Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-left:48px; margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>Article 42 – Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity leaves.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-left:48px; margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>Article 43 – Living wage etc. for workers.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-left:48px; margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>Article 43-A – Participation of workers in management of industries.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-left:48px; margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>Article 43-B – Promotion of cooperative societies.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-left:48px; margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>Article 45 – Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-left:48px; margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>Article 46 – Promotion of education and economic interests of SC, ST, and other weaker sections.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-left:48px; margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>Article 47 – Duty of the state to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-left:48px; margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>Article 48 – Organization of agriculture and animal husbandry.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:13px”> </p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:13px”><span style=”font-size:11pt”><span style=”line-height:115%”><span style=”font-family:Calibri,sans-serif”><span style=”font-family:"Cambria","serif"”>It is based on the Gandhian thinking which promotes a non-violent social order. Swaraj ( Self-rule) , Sarvodaya ( welfare for all ) and svavlambam(self-reliance) .</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style=”margin-left:48px; margin-bottom:13px”> </p>
<p style=”margin-bottom:13px”> </p>